Kratovo-Zletovo palaeovolcanic area is known as one of the largest in the F.Y.R. Macedonia and wider, covering a total of 970.1 km2. A huge amount of pyroclastic material is expelled here, with an average depth of about 700 m. According to Serafimovski, Arsovski etc., volcanic activity in Kratovo-Zletovo area started at the end of Eocene or lower Oligocene, and with some pauses last up to lower Pliocene. In that period, volcanic activity successively moved from north-east to south-west, with changes in volcanic intensity (violent eruption followed by expel of pyroclastic material; with silent phases followed by lava flows). The volcanism in the region was generally caused by deep sub-meridianal dislocations, activated by Paleogene east-west extension. To the end of Miocene, volcanic activity is reestablished by longitudinal neotectonic dislocations, started with younger north-south extension. Geomorphologically, in Kratovo-Zletovo area there are about 20 volcanic cones and calderas, highly eroded by post-volcanic fluvial-denudation processes. Only Plavitsa cone (1297 m) and Lesnovo cone (1167 m) are better preserved, as well as their calderas on the top. These two volcanic centers, together with Uvo-Bukovets cones, Zdravchi Kamen, Zhivalevo and other volcanic necks, belongs to the older volcanic phases, while younger centers are located in the south and west part of palaeovolcanic area (Crni Vrv (1115 m), Preslap (1117 m) and Rajcani (867 m) cones with some remnants of calderas). After finishing of the volcanic activity, due to strong erosion, volcanic forms subdue significant morphologic modifications. Today, on the remnants of palaeovolcanic cones, there are many fluvial, denudation landforms and even fossil coastal terraces. For that reason, the recent nature of Kratovo-Zletovo palaeovolcanic landscape is polygenetic.